glBlendFunc

C Specification

void glBlendFunc(
    GLenum	 sfactor,
    GLenum	 dfactor)

Parameters

sfactor

Specifies how the red, green, blue, and alpha source blending factors are computed. Nine symbolic constants are accepted: GL_ZERO, GL_ONE, GL_DST_COLOR, GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR, GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GL_DST_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA, and GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE. The initial value is GL_ONE.

dfactor

Specifies how the red, green, blue, and alpha destination blending factors are computed. Eight symbolic constants are accepted: GL_ZERO, GL_ONE, GL_SRC_COLOR, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR, GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GL_DST_ALPHA, and GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA. The initial value is GL_ZERO.

Description

glBlendFunc defines the operation of blending when it is enabled. sfactor specifies which of nine methods is used to scale the source color components. dfactor specifies which of eight methods is used to scale the destination color components. The eleven possible methods are described in the following table. Each method defines four scale factors, one each for red, green, blue, and alpha.

In the table and in subsequent equations, source and destination color components are referred to as ( R_s , G_s , B_s , A_s ) and ( R_d , G_d , B_d , A_d ). They are understood to have integer values between 0 and ( k_R , k_G , k_B , k_A ), where

k_c = 2^m_c 1

and ( m_R , m_G , m_B , m_A ) is the number of red, green, blue, and alpha bitplanes.

Source and destination scale factors are referred to as ( s_R , s_G , s_B , s_A ) and ( d_R , d_G , d_B , d_A ). The scale factors described in the table, denoted ( f_R , f_G , f_B , f_A ), represent either source or destination factors. All scale factors have range [0,1].

Parameter	( fR, fG, fB, fA )
GL_ZERO	(0, 0, 0, 0)
GL_ONE	(1, 1, 1, 1)
GL_SRC_COLOR	(Rs/kR, Gs/kG, Bs/kB, As/kA)
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR	(1, 1, 1, 1) (Rs/kR, Gs/kG, Bs/kB, As/kA )
GL_DST_COLOR	(Rd/kR, Gd/kG, Bd/kB, Ad/kA)
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR	(1, 1, 1, 1) (Rd/kR, Gd/kG, Bd/kB, Ad/kA )
GL_SRC_ALPHA	(As/kA, As/kA, As/kA, As/kA)
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA	(1, 1, 1, 1) (As/kA, As/kA, As/kA, As/kA )
GL_DST_ALPHA	(Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA)
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA	(1, 1, 1, 1) (Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA )
GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE	(i, i, i, 1)

In the table,

i = min(A_s, k_A A_d) / k_A

To determine the blended RGBA values of a pixel when drawing in RGBA mode, the system uses the following equations:

R_d = min(k_R, R_s s_R + R_d d_R)
G_d = min(k_G, G_s s_G + G_d d_G)
B_d = min(k_B, B_s s_B + B_d d_B)
A_d = min(k_A, A_s s_A + A_d d_A)

Despite the apparent precision of the above equations, blending arithmetic is not exactly specified, because blending operates with imprecise integer color values. However, a blend factor that should be equal to 1 is guaranteed not to modify its multiplicand, and a blend factor equal to 0 reduces its multiplicand to 0. For example, when sfactor is GL_SRC_ALPHA, dfactor is GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, and A_s is equal to k_A, the equations reduce to simple replacement:

R_d = R_s
G_d = G_s
B_d = B_s
A_d = A_s

Examples

Blend function (GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) is also useful for rendering antialiased points and lines in arbitrary order.

Polygon antialiasing is optimized using blend function (GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE, GL_ONE) with polygons sorted from nearest to farthest. (See the glEnable, glDisable reference page and the GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH argument for information on polygon antialiasing.) Destination alpha bitplanes, which must be present for this blend function to operate correctly, store the accumulated coverage.

Notes

When more than one color buffer is enabled for drawing, the GL performs blending separately for each enabled buffer, using the contents of that buffer for destination color. (See glDrawBuffer.)

Blending affects only RGBA rendering. It is ignored by color index renderers.

Errors

• GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if either sfactor or dfactor is not an accepted value.
• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glBlendFunc is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.

Associated Gets

See Also