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These are my own notes, not an official part of any japanese class.
If you're using them, it's your own fault :-).
If you find any mistakes in here, please tell me!
youkoso chapter 0 pp 1-79
[go to source text]
Note:
Since I see no point to writing 'ee' in romaji for 'ei' in kana,
or in any of the other common romaji othographic quirks,
the text in the romaji page are generated by literal conversion
of the underlying kana.
forms relating to asking for item names
- item ha 日本語 de 何 to iimasu ka.
(answer: item-in-japanese to iimasu. )
- are ha 何 desu ka.
forms relating to likes, dislikes, and preferences
- noun ga 好ki desu.
- entity ha donna
general-noun ga 好ki desu ka.
(answer: specific-noun ga 好ki desu. )
- noun to
noun to dochira ga 好ki desu ka.
(answer for both: dochira mo 好ki desu. )
(to be indecisive: saa, wakarimasen ne. or uun, muzukashii desu ne. )
forms, buying things
- noun ha arimasu ka.
- noun ha ikura desu ka.
(answer: number-en desu. )
- kore de ii desu ka.
- ke'kou desu.
forms, general queries
- nani wo shimasu ka.
- hokania (anthing else)
- noun ha doko desu ka.
(answer: noun ha
place desu. )
- chiyo'to tooi desu ne. (is it far?)
- entity ha kinou 何時 ni okimashita ka.
conversation, mistaken identity
(see also: skit)
| kawamura： | sumimasen. hayashisan desu ka. |
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| tanaka： | iie, chigaimasu. |
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| kawamura： | shitsurei shimashita. |
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| tanaka： | iie. |
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conversation, greeting a professor
| baruan： | yokoi先生, ohayou gozaimasu. |
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| yokai： | aa, buraunsan, ohayou. |
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| buraun： | ii otenki desu ne. |
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| yokai： | ee. sou desu ne. |
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conversation, asking for a 電話 （phone） number
| buraun： | yokoi先生 no denwa bangou ha. |
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| kawamura： | 0134—76—9328 desu. |
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| buraun： | 0134—57—9328 desu ne. |
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| kawamura： | iie, 0134—76—9328 desu. |
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conversation, pointing out an object
| buraun： | are ha 何 desu ka. |
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| kawamura： | dore desu ka. |
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| buraun： | hora, are desu. |
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| kawamura： | aa, are desu ka. jishiyo desu yo. |
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conversation, asking when someone wakes
| hayashi： | buraunsan ha 何ji ni okimasu ka. |
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| buraun： | goji desu. |
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| hayashi： | waa, hayai desu ne. |
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| buraun： | hayashisan ha. |
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| hayashi： | kuji desu. |
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conversation, asking about frequency
| note： | 行kimasu（ikimasu）, 見masu（mimasu） |
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| hayashi： | gibusonsan ha yoku eiga ni 行kimasu ka. （or possibly:
gibusonsan ha yoku eigakan he 行kimasu ka. ）
|
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| gibuson： | uun, amari 行kimasen ne. hayashisan ha. |
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| hayashi： | tokidoki 行kimasu. demo, terebi no eiga ha yoku 見masu. |
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| gibuson： | watashi ha terebi mo amari 見masen. |
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conversation, asking about future plans
| kawamura： | machidasan ha konshiyuu no shiyuumatsu, nani o shimasu ka. |
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| machida： | tomodachi to kaimono ni 行kimasu. kawamurasan ha. |
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| kawamura： | mochiron. 日本語 wo benkiyou shimasu. |
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| machida： | majime desu ne. |
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conversation, yesterday's munchies
| miyai： | kinou no youru nani wo tabemashita ka. |
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| hayashi： | eeto, kinou no yoru desu ka. 好kiyaki wo tabemashita. |
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| miyai： | hoka ni wa. (it's possible the last should be ha) |
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| hayashi： | eeto, hoka ni wa… yakitori wo tabemashita. |
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conversation, yesterday's momentary teetotaling
| note： | o酒（osake） |
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| miyai： | o酒 ha nomimasu ka. |
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| hayashi： | ee, chiyo'to. |
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| miyai： | kinou ha. |
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| hayashi： | zenzen nomimasen deshita. |
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conversation, making plans
| note： | 何曜日（nanyoubi）, 金曜日（kinyoubi）, 大（dai） |
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| chin： | hayashisan, kiyou no gogo eega ni 行kimasen ka. |
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| hayashi： | kiyou no gogo desu ka. kiyou ha 何曜日 desu ka. |
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| chin： | eeta, 金曜日 desu. |
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| hayashi： | jiyaa, 大jiyoobu desu yo. |
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conversation, making dinner plans
| note： | 何曜日（nanyoubi）, 金曜日（kinyoubi）, 土曜日（doyoubi） , 大（dai） |
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| hayashi： | chinaan, 金曜日 i'shiyo ni yuugohan wo tabebasen ka. |
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| chin： | eeta, 金曜日 desu ka. 金曜日 ga chiyo'to… |
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| hayashi： | sore ha zannen desu ne. :-( |
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| chin： | demo, 土曜日 ha 大jiyoobu desu yo. :-) |
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conversation, asking about preferred foods
| note： | 魚（sakana）, 好ki（suki） |
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| kawamura： | machidasan ha 魚 ga 好ki desu ka. |
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| machida： | ee, toku ni osashimi ga 好ki desu. |
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| kawamura： | watashi ha osashimi ga kirai desu. |
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| machida： | hontou desu ka. |
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| kawamura： | machidasan ha donna nomimono ga 好ki desu ka. |
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| machida： | nomimono desu ka. sou desu ne. ko—hi— ga ichiban 好ki desu ne. |
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| kawamura： | sou desu ka. |
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| machida： | ee, toku ni aisu ko—hi— ga 好ki desu. |
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conversation, finding what floor
| kawamura： | sumimasen. kasa wa doko desu ka. |
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| tenin： | hai, kasa wa sankai desu. |
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| kawamura： | a, sou desu ka. arigatou gozaimasu. |
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| tenin： | (bows) |
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conversation, finding someone's home
| buraun： | kawamura san no uchi ha doku desu ka. |
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| kawamura： | setagawa desu. |
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| buraun： | chiyouto tooi desu ne. |
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| kawamura： | ee. |
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conversation, asking which foods are available
| kawamura： | sumimasen. supage'chi ha arimasu ka. |
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| ue—toresu： | sumimasen ga chiyo'to… |
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| kawamura： | jiya, hanba—ga— ha arimasu ka. |
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| ue—toresu： | hai, arimasu. |
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| kawamura： | ikura desu ka. |
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| ue—toresu： | nihiyaku nijiyuu en desu. |
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| kawamura： | jiya, hanba—ga— to ko—ra wo onegai shimasu. |
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| ue—toresu： | arigatou gozaimasu. sanbiyaku nijiyuu en desu. |
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conversation, asking for a specific food
| kawamura： | ko—hi— ha arimasu ka. |
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| ue—toresu： | hai. aisu to ho'to ga arimasu. |
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| kawamura： | sou desu ne. aisu wo onegai shimasu. |
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| ue—toresu： | gohiyaku gojiyuu en desu. |
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greetings (see also: skit)
ohayo or ohayo gozaimasu.
konnichi ha.
konban ha.
oyasuminasai.
onamae ha. ...
hajimemashite.
douzo yoroshiku.
kochira koso yoroshiku.
ohisashiburi desu ne.
shibaraku desu ne.
kore, watashi no meeshi desu.
ee, sou desu ne.
ogenki desu ka.
ee, genki desu.
okagasama de genki desu.
weather greetings (p57)
ii otenki desu ne.
hidoi otenki desu ne.
hidoi ame desu ne. (雨 rain)
hidoi yuki desu ne. (雪 snow)
kiyou ha samui desu ne. (cold)
kiyou ha atsui desu ne. (hot)
kiyou ha atatakai desu ne. (warm)
kiyou ha suzushii desu ne. (cool)
[non]concurrence
hai.
iie.
iie, chigaimasu.
aa.
ee.
ee, sou desu ne.
chigaimasu.
ke'kou desu.
ee, so desu ne.
hontou desu ka.
jiyaa.
naruhodo.
yorokonde.
places
eigakan
toshiyokan
ga'kou
大学 (daigaku)
shigoto
uchi
ie
ginkou (bank)
apa—to
riyou
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farewells
sayonara. / sayounara.
dewa, mata.
jiya, mata.
dewa.
jiya.
oyasuminasai.
assignations
mi—teingu
de—to
pa—tei—
kaimono
shiyopingu
time and 何時
何時 (nan ji)
tokei
ima 何ji desu ka.
place ha ima 何ji desu ka.
何ji ni action ka.
ee'to, time 時 desu.
place ha ima daypart desu.
goro
han
asa
hiru
yuugata
yoru
gozen
gogo
start kara
end made
event no jikan
media/electronics
eiga
terebi
rajio
konpiyuta—
dorama
niyuusu
shinbun
za'shi
ongaku
shi—dei—
voriyuumu
music types
jiyazu
ro'ku
kurashi'ku
ra'pu
te'kuno
kantori— ando uesutan
minyou
music ga'ko
piano
gita—
huru—to
doramu
vaiorin
viora
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politeness
sumimasen.
doumo arigatou gozaimasu.
douzo.
shitsurei shimashita.
dou itashimashite.
thing wo onegai shimasu.
sore ha zannen desu ne.
("regrettable" - see invite)
chiyo'to...
sumimasen ga, chiyo'to...
ee, demo chiyo'to...
a, sou desu ka.
stalling
eeto... (also ee'to...)
eeto desu ne...
anou... (get attn. / word stalled)
element desu ka...
doings
undou
sanpo
benkiyou
earobikusu
hima
countries
日本
itaria
huransu
mekishiko
supeingo
sports
suki—
hu'tobo—ru
sa'ka—
tenisu
supo—tsu
bokushingu
suiei
goruhu
items
kamera
se—ta—
so'kusa
kagu (furniture)
tokei
shiyatsu
te—buru
ji—nzu
kasa
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tomorrow, week before last, frequency, &c
| zenzen (+neg) |
amari (+neg) |
tokidoki |
yoru |
毎日 （mainichi） |
| ototoi |
kinou |
kiyou |
明日 （ashita） |
asa'te |
| sensenshiyuu |
senshiyuu |
konshiyuu |
raishiyuu |
saraishiyuu |
example: konshiyuu no shiyuumatsu
example: kinou no yoru
query: naniyoubi ... ka.
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the week's days
| 日本語 | germanic |
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| root | kanji | reading | root |
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| sun | 日曜日 | nichiyoubi | sun day |
| moon | 月曜日 | getsuyoubi | moon day |
| fire | 火曜日 | kayoubi | tiu's day |
| water | 水曜日 | suiyoubi | wodin's day |
| wood | 木曜日 | mokuyoubi | thor's day |
| gold | 金曜日 | kinyoubi | freya's day |
| soil | 土曜日 | doyoubi | saturn's1 day |
phrase: konshiyuu no getsuyoubi
note1: The kanji 土 does show up in Saturn's 日本語 name, 土星 (dosei), "clod-of-earth star",
perhaps in emulation of the western dayname/planet connection, both of which were named after the Roman god.
verb conjugation (approx), with an example
("approx" because 行ki's one of several
stems, as they're named here,
of dictionary form 行ku, root 行)
| verb | nonpast |
past |
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| positive |
stem-masu
行kimasu |
stem-mashita
行kimashita |
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| negative |
stem-masen
行kimasen |
stem-masen deshita
行kimasen deshita |
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| invitation |
[...] stem-masen ka.
eigakan ni 行kimasen ka. |
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verbs
| target | [p] | verb, masu form |
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| suugaku | wo | benkiyou shimasu |
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| | | wakarimasu |
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| | | arimasu |
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| | | okimasu |
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| | | nemasu |
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| kaimono | ni | 行kimasu |
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| tomodachi | to | hanashimasu |
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| tomodachi | ni | aimasu |
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| uchi | he | kaerimasu |
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| uchi | wo | 出masu |
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| tegami | wo | kakimasu |
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| sushi | wo | tabemasu |
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| ko—ra | wo | nomimasu |
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| terebi | wo | 見masu |
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| ongaku | wo | kikimasu |
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| 本 | wo | yomimasu |
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| renshiyuu | wo | shimasu |
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| undou | wo | shimasu |
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| de—to | wo | shimasu |
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| denwa | wo | shimasu |
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| yakiyuu | wo | shimasu |
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qualities
好ki (suki)
- ga 好ki desu.
- ga 好ki jiya arimasen.
- ga kirai desu.
- ga kirai jiya arimasen.
tokuni ... ga
kawaii
hayai
majime
osoi (late, slow)
ichiban
chiyouto
daijiyoobu (OK w/ me)
chikai (near)
totemo chikai desu
tooi (far)
totemo tooi desu.
bejitarian
adverbial
ichinichijiyuu
i'shiyou ni
miscellany
mou
mochiron... (of course...)
honne (true intention)
木 (ki) (tree)
ai
ki—
a—to
su—tsu
suke—to
be'do
hoka no (ni) (additional)
hoka ni wa. (anything else?)
hua'shiyon
huirumu
konpiyu—ta
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pronouns, &c.
watashi
watakushi
kore
sore
are
hore, are desu.
interrogatives
何, nan
何時 (nanji)
itsu
dare
doko
donna
dochira
dore
nanyoubi
particles
ha - topic
ga - ?
no - possess
wo - d.object
he - towards
ni - at
yo - emphatic
san - honorific
orthography
kanji
hiragana
katakana
゛- dakuten
゜- handakuten
( ) - ka'ko
. - mara
, - ten
「」- kagika'ko
- nakaten
… - santen riidaa
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numbers
| |
千 |
百 |
十 |
一 |
電話 denwa |
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| 0 |
|
|
|
rei
zero |
zero |
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| 一 |
sen |
hiyaku |
jiyuu |
ichi |
ichi |
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| 二 |
nisen |
nihiyaku |
nijiyuu |
ni |
nii |
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| 三 |
sanzen |
sanbiyaku |
sanjiyuu |
san |
san |
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| 四 |
yonsen |
yonhiyaku |
yonjiyuu |
yon
shi |
yon |
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| 五 |
gosen |
gohiyaku |
gojiyuu |
go |
gou |
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| 六 |
rokusen |
ro'piyaku |
rokujiyuu |
roku |
roku |
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| 七 |
nanasen |
nanahiyaku |
shichijiyuu
nanajiyuu |
shichi
nana |
nana |
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| 八 |
ha'sen |
ha'piyaku |
hachijiyuu |
hachi |
hachi |
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| 九 |
kiyuusen |
kiyuuhiyaku |
kiyuujiyuu |
kiyuu |
kiyuu |
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| 十 |
ichiman |
sen |
hiyaku |
jiyuu |
jiyuu |
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counters
| |
人 |
階
(basement: chika -)
|
分
p.129 |
時 |
|---|
| 一 |
hitotsu |
i'kai |
i'pun |
ichiji |
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| 二 |
hutatsu |
nikai |
nihun |
niji |
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| 三 |
mi'tsu |
sankai
sangai |
sanpun |
sanji |
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| 四 |
yo'tsu |
yonkai |
yonpun
yonhun |
yoji |
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| 五 |
itsutsu |
gokai |
gohun |
goji |
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| 六 |
mu'tsu |
ro'kai |
ro'pun |
rokuji |
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| 七 |
nanatsu |
nanakai |
nanahun
shichihun |
shichiji
nanaji |
|---|
| 八 |
ya'tsu |
ha'kai |
ha'pun |
hachiji |
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| 九 |
kokonotsu |
kiyuukai |
kiyuuhun |
kuji |
|---|
| 十 |
too |
jiyu'kai |
jiyu'pun |
jiyuuji |
|---|
classroom (kiyoushitsu)
suugaku
classroom (kiyoushitsu) objects
isu
tenjiyou
kabe
yuka
doa
denki
|
mado
ka—ten
kokuban
kokuban keshi
chiyo—ku
|
大学 (daigaku)
shiya—pu penshiru
kiyoukashiyo
先生 (sensei)
学生 (gakusai)
本 (hon)
|
jishiyo
tsukue
kami
kaban
no—to
|
enpitsu
bo—ru pen
mannenhitsu
te—buru
keshigomu
|
classroom (kiyoushitsu) phrases - 学生
shitsumon ga arimasu.
mou ichido onegai shimasu.
wakarimasu / wakarimasen / wakarimasu ka.
chiyo'to ma'te kudasai.
classroom (kiyoushitsu) phrases - 先生
本 wo tojite kudasai.
本 wo akete kudasai.
本 wo mite kudasai.
本 ha minai de kudasai.
kiite kudasai.
mite kudasai.
i'te kudasai. (i'te = 言'te)
mou ichido i'te kudasai.
yonde kudasai.
日本語 de i'te kudasai.
kurikaeshite kudasai.
kaite kudasai.
renshiyuu shite kudasai.
no—to wo dashite kudasai.
no—to ni kaite kudasai.
何 mo kakanai de kudasai. (nani mo ...)
pea wo tsuku'te kudasai.
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hijimemashiyou.
shitsumon ga arimasu ka.
mou ichido.
minasan, i'shiyo ni.
ii desu ka.
ii desu ne.
yoku dekimashita.
dewa mata kono tsuki.
|
sustenance
hashi
kahuiteria
country riyouri
meals
gohan (rice/meal)
asagohan
hirugahan
bangohan
yuugohan
|
foods / tabemono
魚 (sakana)
sushi
niku
hanba—ga—
piza
kudamono
yasui
buro'kori
anago
unagi
omeraisu
soba
tenpura
osashimi
aisu kuri—mu
pasuta
sukiyaki
yakitori
remon
banira
peparoni
orenji
chiyokore—to
gure—pu
dore'shiingu
|
drinks / nomimono
mizu (H2O)
osake
ko—hi—
ko—ra
ochiya
kochiya
jiyu—su
giyuunuu (miruki)
biiru
酒 (osake)
marugarita
wain
aisu tei—
uisuki—
kakuteru
moka
kona
ho'to
|
|